Disregard Everything I say

DISCLAIMER: The only important source I am using here is my own experiences over countless trips and discussions with friends which may be completely different from your own experiences.
I’ve tried to keep this as accurate and well worded as I possibly can but most of these mental aspects are near impossible to explain in English and cannot be done justice with words, especially once we get past low and moderate dosages. However, I’ve done my best!
The level 1 - 5 system I’ve used here is described in detail here.

Enhancement of Mood: (1 - 5)

Most recreational drugs that are known for their euphoric properties are substances that chemically induce and force the human brain into feeling sensations of pleasure regardless of their current circumstances in life or mental instabilities.
This is the complete opposite of what psychedelics do to the mind as although a good trip can leave you feeling overwhelmed with the most intense and blissful happiness of your entire life the emotions are always grounded in reality. This is because the euphoria is not induced happiness but genuine happiness and the result of an enhancement of your current emotional state not something that is being chemically induced regardless of circumstance. It’s in this state that the mentally stable among us finally realize that all of this around us is cause for great celebration and start to become overwhelmed with euphoria and happiness.
But this is not is not what happens to everybody as all emotions including negative ones can be enhanced and magnified many times over and it’s this effect that plays a big role in causing a bad trips among the unprepared.
It’s this raw enhancement means that people with negative, irrational or unstable outlooks on life should tread very carefully when it comes to the psychedelic experience.

More Examples: Here

Removal of sensory filter:  (2 – 5)

The sensory filter is in my opinion the most important component of the psychedelic experience as it is the basis component that leads onto all other visual aspects.
I go into my speculation in much more detail into during the third and final section of this article but for now and put simply during normal waking consciousness your brain essentially filters out irrelevant sensory information and brain activity so that the conscious faculties are not completely overloaded with information. Its the removal of this sensory filter that leads to our conscious selves experiencing heightened sensory input and the very structure of the mind in an extremely profound way as closed eye visuals are the brain revealing itself to itself caused by the lowering of our sensory filter. 
The increased amount sensory input aspect is most commonly experienced in the form of increased music appreciation or looking at a tree and being able to completely comprehend and understand the position of every single branch across your field of vision all at once rather than simply the tiny area that remains in focus during sober living and is also where the visual effect of increased obviousness of existing textures stems from.
This sensory filter must have evolved as a mechanism to prevent sensory overload as a way of maintaining the ego as it seems that the harder a person is tripping the lower their short term memory is whilst in that state. This continues up until the point where a person is being exposed to so much of their brain that thier sense of self completely dissapears due to the sheer sensory overload.
Not only does this effect create for the visual effects of the psychedelic experience but can also give people complete and utter muscle control over every tiny part of their body. This feels like you have been put back in touch of the animal body and much can be learnt from this effect about what it feels like to be human and to have a physical body.

More Examples: here, here and here.

Time distortion: (2 – 5)

Time distortion is an effect that stems from sensory overload induced short term memory loss that can vary from anything between barely noticeable to completely overpowering but still generally making the passage of time difficult to keep track of and wildly distorted.
Time Distortion can be felt in three different forms. The first, which I have named Time compression is the experience of time speeding up and passing much quicker than it should and this is an effect that although not unusual is much less common than Time Expansion. Which is unsurprisingly the complete opposite in terms of effects as it is the feeling that time has completely slowed down. These feelings have a wide spectrum of intensities and can vary between the simple effect of much more time seeming to have passed than it actually has until somebody checks the time and snaps back into reality. Sometimes this can even be the complete slowing down of the passage of time, which is known as a moment of eternity.
Time loops and thought loops are the last sub-component of time distortion and stem from states of complete ego loss at extremely high levels of tripping. This happens when a person who is not used to the entailing loss of ego and finds themselves trapped in a loop of thoughts as they forget their original thoughts and slip into thought loops repeatedly over and over again due to the loss in short term memory; this feeling can be avoided by working your way up to the higher states so that you can become used to the profound intensity of the psychedelic experience and not be overwhelmed with confusion.  

Rapid fire thoughts: (2 – 5)

Rapid fire thoughts are an effect that I particularly enjoy while tripping. This is where your thought processes are sped up drastically and have a greatly increased sense of creativity and profoundness to them. When experiencing this effect it literally feels like one rapid thought after the other in incredibly quick succession and it’s this change in speed that results in massively increased creativity, problem solving abilities but also a mild sense of distractibility. One of the greatest features of this component is that it can partly stay many days or weeks after a good trip and can leave a person in a near permanent state of clear headedness if experienced regularly.  

“I flew through hyperspace this weekend, I’m sure I can handle this deadline at work today!”

Introspection: (2 - 5)

The introspectiveness of the psychedelic experience is probably its one of its most famous qualities and in my opinion the most obvious real world application to tripping balls.
The use of psychedelics as a tool for therapy, the rehabilitation of drug addicts and coming to terms with our inner demons and emotional baggage that we have all built up throughout our lives is something that it does better than anything else.
This is something that all of us need and it’s by far the ability to rationally think about and dissect my internal problems that has benefited me and all of the people around me more than any other aspect of the psychedelic experience. This also the single biggest contributor to a “bad trip” that many people people encounter during their trips as certain people suddenly comes to the overwhelming realization that they have a lot more personal problems to deal with than they originally thought. Whether or not a person is willing to overcome these struggles is the what determines whether people will react positively or negatively to psychedelic drugs.

More Examples: Here, Here, Here, Here and Here.

Removal of cultural filter: (3 - 5)

To me this is by far the most profound cognitive effect that the psychedelic experience has to offer as it is a permanent and life changing perception switch that occurs to any human mind after just a few good trips and is easily permanently grounded into a persons perception of the world. The cultural filter is an extreme bias that we look through in our everyday lives when evaluating the world around us and affects our ability to judge something for what it really is enormously. It’s this filter that forces us to look at our lives and reality not as a human being but as a false version of our true selves be it materialistic white middle class male with European Christian heritage, a Muslim housewife or an aboriginal tribesman in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. It’s said that we don’t look at things as they are but as we are and the reason this filter exists within us all is because we are determined, shaped and held back by the culture that raises us in greater ways than most people feel comfortable admitting. Especially those that pride themselves on their individuality and think that each brightly coloured streak of died hair on their head gives them an ever more unique and profound outlook on life.
As far as I can tell this cultural filter is instilled so deeply within our own psyches that we cannot possibly get rid of it by normal means such as simply analyzing our own thought processes and decisions but must resort to much more drastic measures such as an intense psychedelic chemical cleansing of the mind. It’s this effect of the psychedelic experience that can cause an unconscious selfish idiot to enter a trip and come out six hours later a halfway decent human being.

More Examples: here, here, here and here.

Increased Distractibility: (1 - 5)

As higher brain functions such as creativity and cognition are increased by any drug, neurological sacrifices have to be temporarily made for compensation. With psychedelics this comes not in the form of a comedown, hangover or profound stupidity but in the form of an increasingly large inability to comprehend anything outside of the present moment that grows proportionally with dosage.
This feeling is quite a familiar one to any Psychonaut as trying to maintain concentration during a trip can be incredibly difficult due to the sometimes overwhelming sensory input and complex visual effects that keep you permanently stuck in the present moment. At very high doses this increases up until the moment where it is impossible to comprehend anything that happened in the past or anything that might happen in the future as the present moment is so overwhelming these things seem distant, irrelevant and trivial. This increased distractibility at its logical limit becomes a crucial contributing factor to ego death as an overload of sensory input inevitably leads to complete detachment from not only anything but the present moment but from your knowledge, ideas, memories and your sense of self.  

Egodeath:  (5++++)

Ego death is one of the most intense experiences a human being can go through and is the highest level of psychedelic experience along side Hallucinations and Entity contact. It is more common than most people know and exists in very different forms even outside of psychedelics and can be reached through sensory deprivation tanks, meditation or simply being asleep / unconscious as any loss of self can technically be characterized as Ego death but here I am only going to talk about the state of Ego death that can be induced by psychedelics.
A state of psychedelic induced ego death is reached when a tripper has finally taken such a large dosage that their sensory filter is at 0% and is therefore allowing every single tiny bit of brain function and sensory input to reach the conscious faculties regardless of whether or not it is relevant in an extremely visual and felt form. This includes not just the sensation of being able to comprehend the input of every single nerve ending across your entire body all at once but also the sensation of experiencing all concepts, constructs and current activity stored within the brain in a single instant giving an extremely profound feeling that you are experiencing the entire universe all at once forcing you to feel completely one with all of existence and this is often interpreted as a perceived loss of boundaries between your body and the rest of the universe.
Egodeath is triggered by the experience of a concept and the completely all enveloping runaway thought processes that ensue because of them. For example if you were to hear somebody say the word “internet” a runaway thought process would immediately begin as you experience all concepts attached to your idea of “the internet” and all concepts attached to those. This spreads outwards infinitely and quickly encompasses everything in such a powerful and overwhelming way that you’re ego is immediately destroyed due to sensory overload reducing your short term memory to zero but keeping your long term memory intact. Once this is over in 3 – 4 seconds however your ego begins to quickly restack and reform itself as you are placed back into the room, This state of egodeath is constant if experienced in an environment that does not have changing external input such as a silent dark room but in places that are ever changing such as social situations the state only stays for very short but regularly repeated period of time as once a person is restacked another trigger is usually experienced instantaneously putting trippers into rapid fire bursts of not having any concept of the real world but completely at one with the universe.
The entire human mind typically looks and feels like an infinite sea of all enveloping fractals, concepts and non Euclidean geometry and considered to be so profound by anyone that experiences it in a positive setting reports that it feels as if their entire life has been building up to this moment and that they are finally “getting off the train”.

More Examples: here

The third and final section of my guide on the psychedelic experience can be found here:
>SPECULATION ON THE GENERATION OF VISUALS, DISTORTIONS AND HALLUCINATIONS

This explains my theories on how psychedelic drugs work and how each type of visual component is generated. 

Also - There’s a guide for each class of hallucinogen not just psychedelics:

>THE VISUAL AND MENTAL COMPONENTS OF A DISSOCIATIVE TRIP

>THE VISUAL AND MENTAL COMPONENTS OF A DELIRIOUS TRIP